This is an introduction to R (“GNU S”), a language and environment for statistical computing and graphics. R is similar to the award-winning S system, which was developed at Bell Laboratories by John Chambers et al. It provides a wide variety of statistical and graphical techniques (linear and nonlinear modelling, statistical tests, time series analysis, classification, clustering, ...).
This manual provides information on data types, programming elements, statistical modelling and graphics.
This introduction to R is derived from an original set of notes describing the S and S-Plus environments written in 1990–2 by Bill Venables and David M. Smith when at the University of Adelaide. We have made a number of small changes to reflect differences between the R and S programs, and expanded some of the material.
Most R novices will start with the introductory session in Appendix A. This should give some familiarity with the style of R sessions and more importantly some instant feedback on what actually happens.
Many users will come to R mainly for its graphical facilities. In this case, Graphics on the graphics facilities can be read at almost any time and need not wait until all the preceding sections have been digested.
This manual provides information on data types, programming elements, statistical modelling and graphics.
This introduction to R is derived from an original set of notes describing the S and S-Plus environments written in 1990–2 by Bill Venables and David M. Smith when at the University of Adelaide. We have made a number of small changes to reflect differences between the R and S programs, and expanded some of the material.
Most R novices will start with the introductory session in Appendix A. This should give some familiarity with the style of R sessions and more importantly some instant feedback on what actually happens.
Many users will come to R mainly for its graphical facilities. In this case, Graphics on the graphics facilities can be read at almost any time and need not wait until all the preceding sections have been digested.
